Science / cells: basic research shows that non-psychotropic cannabinoids cannabidiol are effective as anti-cancer drugs in leukemia
New research has shown that no psychotropic cannabinoids of the cannabis plant could be effective anti-cancer drugs. The anti-cancer properties of THC, the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, are recognized for many years. The study was conducted by the team at the St. George's University in London with leukemia cells. The team of Dr. Wai Liu and his colleagues conducted laboratory tests with a number of cannabinoids, either alone or in combination with the other. Of the studied cannabinoids exhibited any such strong anti-cancer properties as THC. Remarkably, they showed when combined together an increased effect on the cancer cells,.
Dr. Liu said: "These substances are able to affect the development of cancer cells to stop them on their way and prevent them from growing. they can destroy cancer cells In some cases, through the use of specific dosage pattern. In combination with available treatment methods we could discover some highly effective strategies for cancer therapy. "The study examined cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG) and Cannabigevarin (CBGV).
Press release of the St George's University of London. October 14, 2013
Momentum in research
THC and CBD are among the 66 cannabinoids to the most promising therapeutic agents. Cannabinoids have been used primarily to treat neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis or epilepsy, against the side effects of chemotherapy or for chronic pain. The discovery of the CBD and its potency was loud cautery of cannabis research a new impetus. So cannabis is always open for the natural remedy new research approaches, such as use in breast cancer, or psychosis.
New impetus is also on the Swiss cannabis "Market": The revision of the Narcotics Act two years ago, the Federal Office of Public Health may recently also grant exemptions from natural cannabis, so far this only synthetic THC was reserved for the loud professionals, however, far less effective is.
This legal niche allows the use of Medizinalcannabis, although cultivation and consumption of THC-containing cannabis, as in most countries is still prohibited. However, even minor, international pharmaceutical companies to mix with this increasingly lucrative market. So soon comes "Sativex" on the Swiss market, inhalation spray on the basis of THC and CBD in the treatment of muscle spasms in multiple sclerosis. The same company has received these days in the U.S., the approval of clinical trials in epilepsy patients with a CBD-containing spray.
CBD, THC and CBG - A closer look at the cannabinoids
Cannabinoids
Cannabis contains over 480 active ingredients, of which 80 have been found only in cannabis. That's a lot of different variables that affect the body and that's partly the reason why there are always new published scientific research describing new discoveries around cannabis. The compounds 80, which are only found in cannabis are termed cannabinoids. These interact with the receptors in our body, they trigger reactions in our nervous system and brain. Here below is a brief overview of the 8 main cannabinoids found in marijuana.
THC
Tetrahydrocannabinol This is the best known and most abundant cannabinoid in Cannabis, it stands for Δ-9-tetrahydrocannibinol. This cannabinoid is responsible for the main psychoactive effect, which can be experienced in the consumption of cannabis, it stimulates areas of the brain, which causes the release of dopamine - which in turn causes a feeling of euphoria and well-being. THC also has an analgesic effect, it relieves the symptoms of pain and inflammation. Combined, this causes a great feeling of relaxation.
CBD
CBD Cannabidiol or CBD abbreviated is, tends to be in terms of quantity the second most abundant cannabinoid in marijuana. It hasa serious impact on the medical field and is the most desirable combination of medical users. It is a non-psychoactive component, probably reduces the effects of THC and regulated. This means that varieties with a lot of CBD next to the THC trigger a frenzy, in which the head is much clearer than eg in the Haze varieties that contain very little CBD. CBD itself has a long list of medical properties. Among the most important things here are the relief of chronic pain, inflammation, migraine, arthritis, cramps and epilepsy and schizophrenia. CBD has also shown properties that act against cancer and with each new benefit further research are constantly being found.
CBN
Cannabinol Cannabinol or CBN abbreviated, is an analgesic that ensteht by the degradation of THC by oxidation. It is easy psychoactive and can be found in fresh cannabis plants only in small amounts. Its occurrence can be reduced to a minimum by storing harvested cannabis in a dark, dry place. Tends to the effect of THC the preferred CBN, for CBN is not as effective as THC and may cause fatigue, if it occurs in high concentrations. From it is also known that it reduces anxiety and reduces the intraocular pressure.
CBG
Cannabigerol CBG, also known as cannabigerol, is an active ingredient in cannabis, which is known for its antibacterial effect. It was noted in recent research that there are varieties Although traditionally not very common in most cannabis, but that it probably is the "template" or "stem cell" for both THC and CBD. This means that THC and CBD emerge from the CBG. CBG was also found to inhibit the uptake of GABA, resulting in a feeling of relaxation, which is normally associated with the CBD. These findings have spurred new research in this cannabinoid, which could come out that it might also have a greater impact.
THCV
THCV Of tetrahydrocannabivarin THCV or abbreviated, it is believed that it is a cannabinoid that attenuates the intensity of the psychoactive effects of THC. Current research is carried out to THCV, suggests that it can be used to treat metabolic disorders and functions as an appetite suppressant.
CBC
Cannabichromene Although not much medical research has been performed in this cannabinoid suspected of cannabichromene or abbreviated CBC, it has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Let recent research suggests that it potentially plays a role in cell regeneration in the brain.
THCA
Tetrahydrocannabinolicacid THCA is an acid form of THC. It is a raw state in which THC in fresh cannabis plants can be found. Only when cannabis is heated, the THCA is converted to THC. THCA from this raw form, it is believed that there is no active connection.
CBDA
Similar to THCA, CBDA is the acid form of the CBD. It is currently believed that it has an antiemetic effect (anti-nausea effect), and that it helps to combat breast cancer.However, more research on its medicinal benefits of distress.
The endocannabinoid system
It is likely that you have encountered while reading the comments on cannabis, as the cannabinoids with receptors in our body interact, without really knowing what is to be understood. Well, no more question you, here is our short guide when it comes to this matter.
The network of receptors in our body, also known as the endogenous cannabinoid system is the part that is responsible for maintaining the overall health and it is probably one of the most important physiological systems in our body. This system, which was, after cannabis, the plant, which led to its discovery, named, extending through the whole body. It fulfills a variety of functions, but its main purpose is the maintenance of homeostasis - the regulation and maintenance of a stable environment within the human body.
CANNABIS AND THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM
Human Nervous System The similarity between the names is the first thing that catches an eye. The reason is that the cannabinoids contained in cannabis, which are extremely similar to that produced naturally by our body - the endocannabinoids. "Endo" is the short form for endogenously, which comes from the Greek "generated inside" produced by the body itself. Outside of a living organism 'cannabinoids found in cannabis only, hence the name.
It was the particular way interact as cannabinoids from the cannabis with our system, which led to the realization that we have our own natural form of cannabinoids. If our bodies are fed cannabinoids, this causes an interaction with the endocannabinoid system, which is why we experience the physiological and psychoactive effects of marijuana. A very simple way of looking at is this: The body produces endocannabinoids to regulate its own system and to modulate and if we bring the cannabinoids from the cannabis, we turn the system into overdrive, as we increase the amount of available cannabinoids.
CB1 AND CB2 RECEPTORS
Receptor The endocannabinoid system consists of various receptors, all of which interact in different ways with the cannabinoids and lead to different results, but all with the same goal in mind - homeostasis. The two most important receptors within this system are known as CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB1 receptors are mainly located in the brain and nervous system, whereas CB2 receptors are part of our immune system. It is the way in which the various cannabinoids in marijuana bind to these receptors and interact with them, which trigger the holistic and profound effects, which we can then feel. It is interacting with our body system because of the manner in which THC, CBD and the many other lesser known cannabinoids - very often to our advantage. That is the reason why cannabis has such far-reaching impact on medical science.
THE EFFECT
What all this shows is that cannabis grows not only on this planet to make us "high" (although many love to be just that). Amazingly, research has shown that cannabis plants use the cannabinoids in their systems in order to obtain their own healthy growth and promote. It seems that the cannabinoids have a similar function for us, as for the cannabis itself supported by long historical use, a large area of scientific research seems the medical potential of cannabis in a variety of diseases, such as epilepsy, diabetes, and arthritis affirm. It is also used to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
But for slander politicians and greedy companies who use cannabis have pushed a bad reputation, much needed research was suppressed. Fortunately, this negative attitude with more and more sound, scientific researches that investigate the properties of cannabinoids and what benefits they have for the body, then slowly broken down. As a result, begin now to many countries, including the U.S., as the marijuana to see what it really is. recent research has shown that cannabinoids can act as a preventive agent to treat cancer, and may help repair brain damage caused by alcohol? And that is only scratching the surface, because scientists are constantly finding new uses and effects - we should be prepared for a pretty exciting time!
Traditionally, the THC content is the sole indicator of strength and quality of a variety, but that's changing, while the benefits of the other cannabinoids, and in particular the CBD are scientifically recognized. THC is the cannabinoid that is largely responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis and is at recreational users because of its intoxicating properties still the most sought-after connection. For this reason, most breeders have focused on increasing the THC content, but neglected other cannabinoids such as CBD.
With more and more scientific evidence supporting the medicinal effects of cannabis, we see not only a revival of the legal and socially acceptable use of medical cannabis, but also a shift of focus to other cannabinoids. THC has proved that it has its own medicinal qualities, but it is the CBD, which has moved because of its wide range of medical qualities into the spotlight. Especially the lack of a psychoactive effect makes CBD attractive for a variety of applications because it was administered successfully children without it caused a frenzy. As a result, produce cannabis breeders now many new varieties that have high CBD values.
While the mass media CBD pick up on stories of how the little girl Charlotte, who beat her epilepsy with a CBD-rich variety, the consciousness spread all over the potent medicinal qualities of this cannabinoid. The legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational use in a number of U.S. states has the availability of CBD-rich varieties increased even further. However, not all medical users lucky enough to be able to buy cannabis in pharmacies legal and illegal cannabis from the road is not suitable for medical use. Therefore, many take it into their own hands and build their own supply, from which they produce their own drugs such as tinctures and concentrates.
CBD is the abbreviation for cannabidiol, the second most important after the THC and cannabinoid in the cannabis plant. If you look at the cannabinoid content of a variety, it is quite common to find a THC content of about 12-20 percent, where everything is 20 or more, as is very highly regarded. This is not the case in the CBD - it is rare that such high values of it are to be found; each CBD content, which is 4 percent or more is regarded as a CBD-rich species. Although 1% CBD is already much better than nothing, but in recent years, varieties with 18% CBD have emerged, although they are still rather difficult to come by. Commercially available CBD-rich varieties contain between 8-12% CBD.
WHAT CAUSES CBD?
Initially it was always thought that CBD would modulate and attenuate some of the effects of THC - which was a good reason for growers to neglect it. Recent studies have shown, however, that it is actually the CBD, which potentially has the most medicinal value. It is true that CBD changed the way how THC interacts with our body, but not necessarily negative. It counteracts some of the unwanted side effects that may be associated with high THC doses, and prolong its effects.
Used alone, it has been shown in the CBD that it is applicable and useful in a variety of diseases, ailments and problems. Research has shown that CBD showed promising results in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease, PTSD,and epilepsy, CBD is a component of cannabis that may help the patient to cope with chronic pain, cramps, and arthritis.
Again, it should be noted that CBD, unlike THC, is not psychoactive. Therefore, and tinctures and extracts are used to treat children suffering from debilitating illnesses - such as the above-mentioned case of Charlotte, a cannabis takes tincture, which is made from the aptly called CBD-rich variety "Charlotte's Web", to fight their seizures. Before taking cannabis Charlotte had 1,200 seizures per month - now she has about 3 and shows a balanced behavior.
In addition, CBD has no negative side effects, does not harm the body or mind, is not addictive and can not be overdosed
Cannabis Research: Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s is a physical disease of the brain and one of the most common causes of dementia. It causes the formation of “extracellular” and “fibrillar” deposits, which means that cells die in the brain. This progressive disorder causes slowly more and more brain damage, in which the mental condition of the patient gradually deteriorated. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are:
Memory Loss – Is easily confused and finds it difficult to remember names, places, people and recent events.
Mood swings – Can easily be angry, anxious or frustrated as a result of increasing memory loss.
Withdrawal – Pulls emotionally still further back, the more difficult the communication.
Cannabis & Alzheimer’s studies:
1) prevention of Alzheimer’s disease pathology by cannabinoids: neuroprotection by blockade of microglial activation (Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology by Cannabinoids: Neuroprotection Mediated by Blockade of Microglial Activation – 2005)
Cannabinoids are known to act as neuroprotective agents in the brain. This prompted the researchers, the function of the cannabinoid receptors and the possible protective properties that have the cannabinoids in marijuana to judge in Alzheimer’s patients. They found that the cannabinoid receptors play a role in the illness and that prevent the cannabinoids that the neurodegenerative process is taking place. Published in the “Journal of Neuroscience.”
2) Marijuana slows decay by Alzheimer’s disease (Marijuana Slows Alzheimer’s Decline – 2005)
Studies of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, who were eye aimed to find out whether the non-psychedelic cannabinoids in cannabis may help in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. They found positive results in mice, which indicated that the use of cannabis could slow down the degeneration of memory. Published by the “Israel National News”.
3) A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer’s disease pathology (A Molecular Link Between The Active Component of Marijuana and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology – 2006)
This research aimed to find out what role THC, in contrast to the non-psychoactive cannabinoids, could play in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. It has been found that THC inhibits effectively the AB Group, the principal pathological markers of Alzheimer’s disease. They took together that the effect that had THC, was even better than that of prescription drugs that were at the time available. Published in “Molecular Pharmaceuticals.”
Cancer is a large group of diseases, which results in uncontrolled and rapid cell growth. Due to the uncontrolled growth of the cancer cells invade the surrounding healthy tissue and destroy it. Cancer usually starts in one part of the body, but can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. There are more than 200 types of cancer that occur in humans, which all have different symptoms, depending on where they are located.
Brain cancer studies:
1) Anti-tumor effects of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, on human glioma cell lines (anti-tumor effects of cannabidiol, a cannabinoid Nonpsychoactive, on Human Glioma Cell Lines - 2003)
Under laboratory conditions, research has been conducted in order to investigate the hypothesis that CBD have anti-tumor properties. It was found that CBD is the viability of the tumor cells dropped significantly, suggesting that CBD is an effective antitumor agent. Published in the "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics."
2) Neuroprotection by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main active compound in marijuana, against ouabain induced by excitotoxicity in the living organism (Neuroprotection by Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the Main Active Compound in Marijuana, against Ouabain-Induced In Vivo excitotoxicity - 2001)
This research was designed to investigate the effects of THC on acute brain damage and brain degenerative diseases. It has been found that THC has an effect that protects the brain from degenerative diseases. Published in the "Journal of Neuroscience."
3) A pilot clinical study of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (A pilot clinical study of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme - 2006)
This study was the first that was designed to explore the antitumor properties of cannabinoids in a clinical setting. She came to positive results, and it was found that THC and other cannabinoids inhibit tumor growth in patients. Published in the "British Journal of Cancer."
4) A combined preclinical therapy of cannabinoids and temozolomide against glioma (A Combined Preclinical Therapy of Cannabinoids and Temozolomide against Glioma - 2011)
This research aimed to evaluate the use of THC in conjunction with the drug TMZ in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme - the most common and very resistant form of brain cancer. It has been found that the combined treatment showed that the reversed-tumor activity. Published in the journal "Molecular Cancer Therapeutics."
Breast cancer studies:
1) Anti-tumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma (anti-tumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma - 2006)
This research recognizes the antitumor effects of THC, but claims that it was problematic because of its psychoactive properties. Therefore, they went on to assess the effects of other cannabinoids. It was found that CBD showed promising anticarcinogenic characteristics that should be investigated further. Published in the "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics."
2) pathways in mediating the effects of cannabidiol on the reduction of breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis (Pathways mediating the effects of cannabidiol on the reduction of breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis - 2010)
This study was designed to determine the effects of CBD on breast cancer cells. It was found that it inhibited the growth and the spread of these cancer cells. It has also been discovered that CBD significantly reduced the tumor mass. Published in the "U.S. Library of Medicine."
3) Cannabinoids reduce ErbB2-driven breast cancer progression through AKT inhibition (Cannabinoids reduce ErbB2-driven breast cancer progression through AKT inhibition - 2010)
This research describes experiments that were performed to assess the effects of cannabinoids on the very aggressive ERB2-positive breast cancer. They concluded that cannabinoids both tumor growth, as well as the amount of existing tumors appeared to decrease, which strongly suggests that they represent a real application for the therapeutic treatment of breast cancer. Published in the journal "Molecular Cancer."
4) The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation (The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide Inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation - 1998)
This research was designed to investigate the effects of cannabinoids on the proliferation of breast cancer cells. It has been found to inhibit the growth. Published in the "National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)."
Lung cancer studies:
1) Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits both triggered by the epithelial growth factor lung cancer cell migration outside of the living organism, as well as the growth and metastasis in the living organism (Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhibits epithelial growth factor-induced lung cancer cell migration in vitro as well as its growth and metastasis in vivo - 2008)
This research was conducted to study the effects of THC to the epithelial growth factor induced by cancer - a particularly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy form of cancer. It was found that THC has played a significant role in inhibiting cancer growth, which justifies further research in this direction. Published in the journal "Oncogene."
2) Cannabidiol inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis via the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (Cannabidiol Inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis via intercellular adhesion molecule-1-2011)
In this research, it was tried to examine the effects of CBD on the invasiveness of cancer. It has been found that cannabinoids inhibit the invasiveness of the primary tumor cells in patients with lung cancer. Published in the "U.S. National Library of Medicine."
3) The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 as new targets for the inhibition of large cell lung cancer growth and metastasis (cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, as novel targets for inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer growth and metastasis - 2011)
This research was conducted to determine the role of the cannabinoid receptor activation in lung cancer. It has been found that both inhibit the growth of cancer cells and enhance their apoptosis - the natural process of cell death. Published in the "U.S. National Library of Medicine."
Prostate cancer studies:
1) Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of anandamide in human Prostatakrebszellinien: implication of the reduction of epidermal growth factor receptors and ceramide production (anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of anandamide in human prostatic cancer cell lines: implication of epidermal growth factor receptor down-regulation and ceramide production - 2003)
This study describes how the activation of cannabinoid receptors causes an antiproliferative effect in cancer cells in the prostate, which has major implications for the treatment of prostate cancer. Published in the "U.S. National Library of Medicine."
2) The role of cannabinoids in prostate cancer: basic scientific point of view and possible clinical applications (The role of cannabinoids in prostate cancer: Basic science perspective and potential clinical applications - 2012)
This study conducted a multi-evaluation of many other previous research on prostate cancer to determine whether cannabinoids have a practical clinical application. It has been found that it is in everyone's best interest to conduct clinical trials of medical cannabis. Published in the "U.S. National Library of Medicine."
3) Non-THC Cannabinoids inhibit prostate cancer growth in vitro and in vivo: Pro-apoptotic effects and the underlying mechanisms (non-THC cannabinoids inhibit prostate carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo: pro-apoptotic effects and underlying mechanisms - 2013)
This research was designed to extend the previously explored idea that cannabinoid receptor activation causes cell death in prostate cancer cells. The research found significant positive results and found that the data supported the clinical tests of CBD from prostate cancer patients. Published in the "U.S. National Library of Medicine."
Blood cancer studies:
1) cannabinoid receptor-mediated apoptosis induced by R (+)-methanandamide and WIN55 0.212-2 is associated with ceramide accumulation and p38 activation in mantle cell lymphoma (Cannabinoid Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis Induced by R (+)-Methanandamide and WIN55, 212 - 2 Is Associated with Ceramide Accumulation and p38 Activation in Mantle Cell Lymphoma - 2006)
This research was designed to explore whether cannabinoids inhibit cancer cells in lymphomas. It describes that it has been found that cannabinoids inhibit the growth and induce cell death in mantle cell lymphoma (blood cancer). Published in the journal "Molecular Pharmacology."
2) triggered by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol apoptosis in Jurkat T-leukemia cells is regulated by the translocation of BAD mitochondria. (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia T cells is regulated by translocation of Bad to mitochondria - 2006)
This research discusses how the use of cannabinoids in apoptosis (regulated and the natural death of cells) is to be evaluated. They yielded positive results, and it was found that cannabinoids actually cause the death of carcinogenic leukemia cells. Published in the "U.S. National Library of Medicine."
3) Activation of cannabinoid receptors type 1 and type 2 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: growth inhibition by receptor activation (expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 and type 2 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Growth inhibition by receptor activation - 2008)
This research aimed to determine the effects of the cannabinoid receptor activation on lymphomas. It has been found that the cannabinoid receptor activation, the multiplication and growth of lymphoma reduced, and causes the death of some cancer cells. Published in "International Journal of Cancer."
Oral cancer studies:
Cannabinoids inhibit cellular respiration of human oral cancer cells (Cannabinoids inhibit cellular respiration of human oral cancer cells - 2010)
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of cannabinoids on cell respiration in certain types of oral cancer. It has been found that cannabinoids inhibit cancer cell respiration and therefore have a toxic effect on them. This implies that cannabinoids may be used for the treatment of oral cancer. Published in the "U.S. National Library of Medicine."
Liver cancer studies:
Anti-tumor effect of cannabinoids on hepatocellular carcinoma: role of AMPK-dependent activation of autophagy (Anti-tumoral action of cannabinoids on hepatocellular carcinoma: role of AMPK-dependent activation of autophagy - 2011)
This research aimed to determine what the effects of THC on cancer cells in the liver. It has been found that the growth of THC and the effectiveness of these cancer cells is reduced, which means that THC should be further examined as a therapeutic treatment. Published in the "U.S. National Library of Medicine."
Pancreatic cancer studies:
Cannabinoids induce apoptosis of pancreatic tumor cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (Cannabinoids Induce Apoptosis of Pancreatic Tumor Cells via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Genes - 2006)
This study suggests that pancreatic tumor tissue seems to have a much higher number of cannabinoid receptors compared to normal pancreatic tissues. The study found that, when the cannabinoids are administered to cancer cells began to die by apoptosis, resulting in a reduction in the growth and spread of the tumor. Published in "The American Journal of Cancer."
Cannabis Research: Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes intense bursts of electrical energy within the brain. This causes a temporary but recurring disorder, how the brain works - which leads to an epileptic seizure. An epileptic seizure can, among many other symptoms, loss of consciousness, sensory disturbances and convulsions Run.
Studies
1) cannabidiol shows antiepileptiforme properties and counteracts Krämofen; in vitro and in vivo (cannabidiol displays Antipileptiform and antiseizure Properties In Vitro and In Vivo - 2010)
This research aimed to experimentally explore the wider effects of CBD on its anticonvulsant properties in animals and in isolated tissue. It was found that CBD and its effects on the CB1 receptors showed the potential to inhibit epileptiform activity in isolated tissue samples and to reduce the severity of seizures in living animals. Published in the "U.S. National Library of Medicine."
2) Cannabidivarin has an antispasmodic effect in mice and rats (Cannabidivarin is anticonvulsant in mouse and rats - 2012)
This research was aimed to test the effect of the cannabinoid CBDV for cramps, such as those caused by epilepsy. It has been found that the use of such a cannabinoid effectively prevented convulsions and appeared to have no adverse effects on normal functions. Published in the "British Journal of Pharmacology."
3) Marijuana, Endocannabinoids and epilepsy: potentials and challenges for an improved therapeutic intervention (Marijuana, endocannabinoids, and epilepsy: potential and challenges for improved therapeutic intervention - 2013)
This research is a meta-study, which describes that the results of many other studies show apparently that cannabinoids and marijuana potentially beneficial for those act who suffer from neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Published in the "U.S. National Library of Medicine."
The "New York Times" is one of the most respected media outlets in the USA for the legalization of cannabis has spoken. In a sensational editorials have been for more than four decades valid prohibition with the times of Prohibition, from 1920 to 1933 is compared, were prohibited as manufacture and sale of alcohol in the United States strictly. It stated cannabis addiction bring compared to alcohol and tobacco dependence "relatively minor problems" with it.
In the editorial, the authors pointed out that pleasure-loving people would have been on drinking during Prohibition, which "law-abiding citizens have been turned into criminals and crime syndicates flourished." In addition, today were young black men, according to FBI statistics clearly bear the brunt of the result is "racist" cannabis prohibition.
According to the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation in 2012, there were over 650,000 arrests for possession of marijuana - much more than cocaine, heroin and related drugs. U.S. President Barack Obama had already indicated that poor youth who belong to social minorities, often for marijuana use in jail migrate as better-off peers.
Although the "New York Times" said in her - even for internal editorial controversial - contribution for a ban on the sale of marijuana to adolescents under 21 years. For healthy adults seem "moderate consumption" but to pose a risk, which is why the law adopted by Congress at the federal level more than four decades prohibition was untimely. On the website of the newspaper some readers warned against underestimating the danger of the popular "gateway drug", others called the legalization overdue.
Tetrahydrocannabinol This is the best known and most abundant cannabinoid in Cannabis, it stands for Δ-9-tetrahydrocannibinol. This cannabinoid is responsible for the main psychoactive effect, which can be experienced in the consumption of cannabis, it stimulates areas of the brain, which causes the release of dopamine - which in turn causes a feeling of euphoria and well-being. THC also has an analgesic effect, it relieves the symptoms of pain and inflammation. Combined, this causes a great feeling of relaxation.
CBD Cannabidiol or CBD abbreviated is, tends to be in terms of quantity the second most abundant cannabinoid in marijuana. It hasa serious impact on the medical field and is the most desirable combination of medical users. It is a non-psychoactive component, probably reduces the effects of THC and regulated. This means that varieties with a lot of CBD next to the THC trigger a frenzy, in which the head is much clearer than eg in the Haze varieties that contain very little CBD. CBD itself has a long list of medical properties. Among the most important things here are the relief of chronic pain, inflammation, migraine, arthritis, cramps and epilepsy and schizophrenia. CBD has also shown properties that act against cancer and with each new benefit further research are constantly being found.
Cannabinol Cannabinol or CBN abbreviated, is an analgesic that ensteht by the degradation of THC by oxidation. It is easy psychoactive and can be found in fresh cannabis plants only in small amounts. Its occurrence can be reduced to a minimum by storing harvested cannabis in a dark, dry place. Tends to the effect of THC the preferred CBN, for CBN is not as effective as THC and may cause fatigue, if it occurs in high concentrations. From it is also known that it reduces anxiety and reduces the intraocular pressure.
Cannabigerol CBG, also known as cannabigerol, is an active ingredient in cannabis, which is known for its antibacterial effect. It was noted in recent research that there are varieties Although traditionally not very common in most cannabis, but that it probably is the "template" or "stem cell" for both THC and CBD. This means that THC and CBD emerge from the CBG. CBG was also found to inhibit the uptake of GABA, resulting in a feeling of relaxation, which is normally associated with the CBD. These findings have spurred new research in this cannabinoid, which could come out that it might also have a greater impact.
Cannabichromene Although not much medical research has been performed in this cannabinoid suspected of cannabichromene or abbreviated CBC, it has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Let recent research suggests that it potentially plays a role in cell regeneration in the brain.
